The obligation to the sovereign lasts only if the ruler is able to protect his nation. Hobbes naturally discourages civil disobedience. But hence the ruler loses his power, the subjects do not need him and may transfer their obedience to a new ruler.

From this thesis follow a number of revolutionary propositions:

1)    The natural law is a binding law not because it’s just or right, but because it’s dependent upon sanction. With Hobbes The real law is thus civil law, the positive law, the law which is commanded and enforced by the sovereign.

2)   The sovereign has no law that governs him. All social and legal authority is concentrated in the sovereign. In him rest all necessary powers of government.

3)   The Church is unconditionally subordinated to the state. It has the same legal status as any other corporation or jammer .

4)    He doesn’t care about the form of government as long as its does its job. Hobbes’ sovereign is in no way instituted and legitimated by superior sanction. The sovereign is a utilitarian creation of the individuals who institute him in order to prevent them from destroying each other.

The basis for all his theory is the concept that the human individual is a strange mixture of animal and rational being.

Hobbes’ individualism links him with Locke, his utilitarianism with Bentham and Mill and his absolutism with all the theories that cement the growing power of the state.

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