Sleep is a state of natural unconsciousness and essential for our health and survival. When we sleep, our brains go through two stages of sleep that alternate with each other: the slow wave sleep and REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. The slow wave sleep is the restful sleep, which is usually followed every 90 minutes by REM sleep.

Our bodies' internal clock or circadian rhythm regulates the timing of our wakefulness and sleep patterns. Our circadian rhythm is comprised of an intricate network of nerves, specialized brain centers, hormones (including melatonin) and neurotransmitters.

Melatonin is a natural hormone produced in the pineal gland (which is located in the middle of the brain). Melatonin helps to synchronize our internal clock with our environment. Melatonin is synthesized in response to a lower amount of light being received by the retina of the eye. It is naturally synthesized from L-Tryptophan via serotonin.

L-Tryptophan --> 5-HTP --> serotonin --> N-Acetyl-serotonin --> melatonin

Melatonin will cause the body to become drowsy and lower its temperature, but it is the central nervous system that is responsible for the bulk of the circadian control of the body. In addition to regulating our internal clock, melatonin is a powerful anti oxidant and interacts with our immune system.

Seep deprivation and insomnia have become a huge problem in society. Factors that negatively affect our sleep are related to receiving too much light in the hours before bedtime, stress (affects our entire body), an unhealthy diet, over consumption of caffeinated beverages and alcohol.

Dietary supplements containing melatonin have been available in the United States since 1993. However, over-the-counter melatonin is still not allowed in some European countries and New Zealand. Melatonin supplementation is an effective way to enhance sleep and synchronize our light-dark cycle. Melatonin works better when used in conjunction with vitamin B6.