Colon Cancer Staging Tnm

This type of cancer forms in the prostate tissues (this gland is in the male reproductive system in front of the rectum and beneath the bladder). Colon Cancer Staging Tnm Prostate cancer is usually found in older men. It is a known fact that prostate cancer if localized and diagnosed early can be cured. Tumor growth can vary from slow to rapid and patients have been known to survive long after the cancer has metastasized to the bone or other distant parts.

Patients that have local advanced prostate cancer are incurable and if the cancer has spread to other organs then therapy will not be a cure. If the cancer is confined only to the prostate gland, then one can anticipate a survival of over five years. The patient's age, the histologic grade of the cancerous tumor, other illnesses, and the PSA level are useful in determining decisions regarding the treatment and therapy for prostate cancer. Combining Gleason score, clinical tumor stage and pretreatment PSA level can help in accurate estimation of the risks of cancer relapse for patients being treated with radiation.

Treatments recommended
Advanced or metastatic cancer or if the treatment for this type of cancer that is localized has failed then hormone therapy is used. This involves drugs or orchiectomy surgery to block or suppress androgen (male hormones) - dihydrotestosterone and testosterone. Side effects are decreased muscle mass, enlargement of breasts, decreased bone density, hot flashes etc.

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Orchiectomy is the removal of the testicles surgically and is the most effective way of reducing the androgen hormones even though it is an extreme measure. Radical prostatectomy and orchiectomy delays the cancer progression especially if the cancer has only spread to the lymph nodes in the pelvic. Since orchiectomy is irreversible most patients that have advanced prostate cancer choose the hormonal treatment to block the androgen hormones.

Androgen-independent tumors
It is unfortunate that after anti-androgen treatments for this type of cancer usually recurs within 18 months if it is advanced. In this case the cancerous tumors do not respond to anti-androgen therapy and are called androgen-independent. Patients with locally advanced prostate cancer receive hormonal therapies before they are treated with radiation therapy. They also receive the hormonal therapy after the radiation therapy. These therapies have improved the rate of survival in high-risk cancer patients. Patients that have metastatic cancer (spread further) receive hormonal treatments.

It is a known fact that PSA levels that are rising do not mean that the cancer will come back (recur) or it has spread to other parts of the body. If the cancer is localized in the prostate gland only, a cure is possible. There are treatment options for cancer that has recurred or persistent prostate cancer after treatment. Cure can still be possible if the cancer is localized. Some of the treatments are:

• Androgen-suppression therapy and surgery for cancer patients who initially had radiation treatment.
• Androgen-suppression therapy and radiation for cancer patients who underwent surgery initially.

PSA levels usually rise after radiation seed implantation. This does not mean that there is cancer recurrence. Therefore treatments like the androgen-suppression therapy that block the androgens are appropriate for rising PSA levels in case of treatment failure.

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