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Innovations in Oral Solid Drug Delivery: Advances in nanotechnology, controlled formulations & peptide delivery
Table of Contents :
Innovations in oral solid drug delivery Executive summary 18 Market overview, dynamics and outlook 18 Advances in nanotechnology 19 Innovations in transitioning injectables to oral delivery 20 Advances in delayed & controlled release delivery 21 Advances in oral prodrug delivery 22 Advances in taste masking technologies 23 Innovative companies 24 Chapter 1 Market overview, dynamics and outlook 28 Summary 28 Market overview 29 Market dynamics 31 Key indications 33 Key trends 38 Nanomedicine 38 Transitioning from injectables 39 Prodrugs 40 Chrono release 41 ODT 41 OSF 42 Funding issues 42 Poor patient compliance 42 Injections 42 Poor absorbption 42 Pediatric 43 Geriatric 43 Solubility and variable absorption 43 Reduction of side effect profiles 44 Non-invasive protein delivery 45 Transition from injectables to preferred route of oral drug delivery 45 Directed delivery and delayed delivery to reduce side effect potential 46 Formulation technologies for poorly soluble compounds 46 Taste masking for pediatric and geriatric formulations 47 Competitive landscape 48 Conclusions and key findings 50 Chapter 2 Advances in nanotechnology 56 Summary 56 Introduction 57 Nanotechnology platforms with application for oral drug delivery 59 Self-Emulsifying Controlled Release Tablet system (SECRET) 59 Technology 59 Application 59 Biotransport nanomedicine technology 60 Technology 60 Application 60 Nanobodies 61 Technology 61 Application 61 NanoDel nanoparticles 62 Technology 62 Application 62 P-gpMask 63 Technology 63 Application 64 NanoDRY and NanoCOAT 64 Technology 64 Application 64 Solumer 67 Technology 67 Application 67 Nanocells 69 Technology 69 Application 70 Polymeric Nano-Delivery System (PNDS) 70 Technology 70 Application 71 FluidCrystal NP Oral nanoparticles 71 Technology 71 Application 72 CaP Technology and BioOral 72 Technology 72 Application 73 Nab Technology and Protospheres 73 Technology 73 Application 73 NanoCrystal Technology 74 Technology 74 Application 74 Bioral 75 Technology 75 Application 75 Squalenoyl nanoparticles 76 NanoMega 76 NOD Pharmaceutical 76 Chapter 3 Innovations in transitioning injectables to oral delivery 80 Summary 80 Introduction 81 Drivers 81 Patient acceptability & compliance 81 Cost savings 81 Restraints 82 Advances in injectable delivery 82 Challenges of oral drug delivery 83 Technologies used in oral drug delivery of peptides and proteins 84 Enzyme inhibitors 84 Permeation enhancers 85 Mucoadhesives 85 Encapsulation technologies 85 M-cell targeting 86 Competitive landscape 86 Osteoporosis and other bone related conditions 88 Calcitonin 88 Current therapies & market landscape 89 Oral products in development 91 Parathyroid hormone 94 Current therapies & market landscape 94 Oral products in development 96 Combined oral calcitonin and PTH approaches 97 Bisphosphonates 97 Current therapies & market landscape 97 Novel oral products in development 99 Diabetes and other metabolic diseases 104 Oral insulin 104 Oramed Pharmaceuticals 104 Biocon Ltd 105 Emisphere Technologies 105 Diabetology 106 NOD Pharmaceuticals 106 Access Pharmaceuticals 107 NanoMega Medical Corporation 107 Biodel Inc 108 Metabolic Pharmaceuticals Ltd 108 Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1 analogs 108 Oral GLP-1 & GLP-1 analogs 110 Obesity 114 Alzheimer's and other CNS conditions 115 Oligotropin 115 Endometriosis and prostate cancer 115 Leuprolide 115 Cardiovascular 116 Angiotensin analogs 116 Innovative approaches to oral vaccine development 118 Mucosis B.V. 119 Plug-and-Play Technology 119 GEM Particles 119 Mimopath 119 Ondek Pty Ltd 120 Helicobacter pylori Platform Technology (HPPT) 120 Infexion 121 Kancer 121 Immune Solutions 121 Liporale 122 Chapter 4 Advances in delayed & controlled release delivery 124 Summary 124 Introduction 125 Types of controlled release systems 125 Sustained release 125 Pulsatile release 125 Modified drug delivery 126 Fast disintegrating technologies 126 Pediatric formulations - ODT 126 Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder – ODT 127 Alzheimer's disease - ODT 128 Parkinson's disease - ODT 129 Anxiety and panic disorder - ODT 129 Major depressive disorder - ODT 130 Nausea and vomiting - ODT 131 Migraine - ODT 131 Autism – ODT 132 GERD and gastroparesis – ODT 133 Release control mechanisms 135 Zero order 135 Congestive heart failure and hypertension – sustained release 135 Pain – sustained release 138 ADHD – sustained release 141 Multiple sclerosis – sustained release 141 Muscle relaxant – sustained release 142 Parkinson's disease - sustained release 144 Depression – sustained release 144 Binary 147 Diabetes type 2 - combination products 147 Hypertension - combination products 149 Other 150 Biphasic release of drugs 150 Asthma – biphasic release 151 Pain – biphasic release 151 ADHD – biphasic release 152 Hypertension – biphasic release 152 Positioned 153 Parkinson's disease – positioned biphasic release 154 Insomnia – positioned biphasic release 155 Spasticity – positioned biphasic release 156 GERD – positioned release 156 Diabetes type 2 - positioned extended release 157 Hot flashes – positioned extended release 157 Pain – positioned extended release 158 GERD – positioned extended release 158 Parkinson's disease – positioned extended release 158 Others 159 Accelerated 159 Timed 159 Multiple pulse 160 Targeted delivery to the colon 160 Ulcerative colitis, gastroenteritis – targeted colon release 161 Nutraceutical – targeted colon release 162 Polysaccharide colon selective 163 COLAL technology 163 Chrono release 164 Rheumatoid arthritis – chrono release 165 Severe asthma – chrono release 166 Polymyalgia rheumatica – chrono release 166 Insomnia – chrono release 166 Sublingual formulations 167 Formulations to counteract opiate or psychostimulant abuse 167 Trigger-Lock 168 OraGuard 169 NanoDRY and NanoCOAT 170 ORADUR 170 Aversion Technology 171 Egalet ADPREM 172 DETERx 173 Avert 174 Strategic alliances 174 Chapter 5 Advances in oral prodrug delivery 178 Summary 178 Introduction 179 Classification based on site of conversion to active drug 181 Classification based on chemical linkages or promoiety/carriers that attach to the active drug 182 Classification based on the deficiency in the active drug 183 Classification based on carrier-linked or bioprecursor categories 183 Applications of prodrug technology 185 Reducing side effect profile 185 Introducing site specificity – colon 185 Taste masking applications 186 Marketed products and market share 186 Antiviral prodrugs 186 Oseltamivir 186 Valaciclovir 187 Valganciclovir 189 Famciclovir 190 Anticancer prodrugs 191 TS-1 192 Cardiovascular prodrugs 194 ACE inhibitors 194 Angiotensin II receptor antagonists 194 HMG Co A reductase inhibitors 195 Respiratory prodrugs 195 Bambuterol 195 CNS prodrugs 195 Lisdexamfetamine 195 Late and early stage development product formulations 197 Improving oral bioavailability/reducing toxicity of older marketed injectable drugs 197 Antiviral prodrugs 197 Cidofovir 197 Vidarabine 200 Zanamivir 200 Anticancer prodrugs 201 Triciribine 201 Camptothecin 202 Gemcitabine 204 Docetaxel 206 Methotrexate 208 Aimpila 210 FAP activated ultra-smart prodrug cytotoxic agent 211
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