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Chemotherapy effects can be intense depending on the types of drugs being administered, the dose and the general vitality of the patient. Healthy cells that reproduce rapidly, like the cells in the bone marrow, stomach, mouth, hair and intestines, are very susceptible to the damage caused by chemotherapy. This is why so many of the side effects of chemotherapy impact these areas of the body.
Of course, no two people experience chemotherapy or its subsequent consequences the same way. This is partly because everyone is different, but also because each chemotherapy treatment is individual. One patient may receive more of a particular drug that induces nausea, while another is administered a drug that causes dramatic hair loss. The side effects may also change as treatment progresses.
Keep reading for a breakdown of some of the most common chemotherapy effects - but remember that just because they're common doesn't mean they will always occur.
Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea and vomiting are probably the two most common negative impacts of chemotherapy. Vomiting occurs when the drug stimulates a certain part of the brain called the chemoreceptor trigger zone - this then sends a message to the vomiting area of the brain. Fortunately, new drugs are being developed that limits the triggering of this response.
If nausea or vomiting are going to occur, it typically starts just a few hours after the treatment is completed and lasts for a short period.
Diarrhea or Loose Stools
Having loose or watery stools more than three times a day is diarrhea and a common result of chemotherapy. The drugs attack the frequently reproducing cells that line your intestines - therefore inhibiting their ability to do their job. Diarrhea is often intermittent, but if it continues for more than a few days, you should consult with your doctor immediately.
Sores in the Mouth
Because cells on the inside of the mouth are some of the fastest to regenerate in the body, they are the ones most susceptible to damage from chemotherapy. As a result, sores can develop, leading to possible infection and other problems. The esophagus is also vulnerable. A good defense is persistent oral hygiene.
Milk of magnesia can help to both soothe and dry out mouth soft sores. Doctors also recommend gargling with salt water and eating softer foods at or below room temperature. Avoid hot and spicy foods.
Hair Loss
Not every chemotherapy program causes the patient to lose their hair. Some drugs lead to hair loss, other's only cause a minimal amount and some don't result in it at all. Certain people lose only their head hair, and others lose hair from all over their bodies. Like every other symptom, the visible results depend on the patient, the drug and the dosage.
Though hair loss is often cited as the most obvious of the chemotherapy effects, it's also one of the most temporary. Typically, the hair will begin to grow back right after treatments end - often coming in thicker and curlier. Interestingly, after cancer treatment many people who experience hair loss and recovery express a preference for their new hair appearance upon regrowth.
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