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Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a type of sarcoma. Sarcomas, including Gist are a type of cancer. They occur in connective tissues, bones, muscles, fats, nerve cells, blood vessels and cartilage. GISTs occur in the gastrointestinal tract of the body. GIST are derived from mesenchymal cells are primarily related to the mutation of a genetic protein CD117 or c-kit. Mesenchymal cells are connective cells such as fibroblasts, muscle cells, and blood vessel lining cells. Gist is a sarcoma and not a carcinoma; hence it requires a different medical treatment from that of more identifiable cancers such as lung, skin and prostate cancer. GISTs can occur anywhere in the GI tract including the stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum and esophagus. In rare cases, GISTs can occur in other locations in the abdomen. Metastasizing of a cancer is when it spreads from its site or organ of occurrence to another site. GIST tumors can spread to the liver and the abdominal membrane enclosing the intestines and stomach. The symptoms and signs of the onset of GIST are indications of vague abdominal discomfort or pain, presence of a visible abdominal mass, and an unexplained feeling of being full as the most innocuous. GIST tumor cells often have a mutation in the c-kit (KIT) protein. . GIST tumors are believed to originate from stem cells or from specialized cells, found in the gastrointestinal tract essential for normal gastrointestinal movement. GIST is more common in older adults, but can occur at any age, including in children. There are several different type of GIST tumors such as adult GIST, wild type gist, pediatric, familial and eGISTs. eGISTs occur outside the gastrointestinal tract. Cancers and tumors such as GIST are diagnosed from tissue samples taken from the patient in a procedure called a biopsy. The tissue sample is acted upon by various antibodies. The antibodies are used such that they react with specific proteins in cells on the tumor's surface. The antibodies react with specific proteins and the stain or color the tissue sample. In the case of GIST diagnosis the antibody that reacts with the tissue sample is c-kit protein specific. The primary treatment for GIST is surgery. The oral targeted chemotherapies Gleevec or Sutent are used to treat metastatic or inoperable GIST and Gleevec is used as preventative treatment for GISTs with a moderate to high risk of recurrence after surgery. Further information about GIST and GIST treatments can be found on the internet.
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