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Hormones seem to play the largest role in loss of hair. It affects men almost as much as it affects women. There is no distinct age for such hair loss to occur. It is not the presence of the hormones themselves that cause hair to start falling out, but their levels in the blood stream. The hormones known to cause hair loss are the sex hormones, namely testosterone, estrogen and progesterone. The three sex hormones are present in the body as they play roles in its development. The hormones are at their peak during puberty for both men and women. The transition of the body from childhood to adulthood can only occur in the presence of these hormones. For women, the hormones are also at their peak when they are pregnant. The hormones are regulated by the sex hormone binding globulin. The presence of globulin lowers the levels of the hormones. The levels of the globulin are determined by the levels of insulin in the body. When levels of insulin are high, the globulin can not be produced and hence its levels become low. Since there is nothing to bind the sex hormones, their levels increase. The manner in which the hormones behave differs in men and women but the end result is the same: there is loss of hair. Testosterone, when left unbound, will bind with an enzyme called 5-alpha-reductase. When this occurs, there is the formation of dihydrotestosterone or DHT. This is also a sex hormone. This hormone is present in the male fetus and develops its features that will show it is a male child. It has no function in adult males. Because of this, it binds with the follicles in the scalp. The follicles are sensitive to DHT. This means that they will start to malfunction. This will affect the growth of the hair. It starts to fall out and thinning of the hair can be seen. As DHT continues to bind with the follicles, the hair continues to fall. Because the follicles are malfunctioning they will fail to produce new hair. This will eventually lead to balding. The levels of dihydrotestosterone are high in bald men. Estrogen and progesterone hormones are also bound by the sex hormone binding globulin. If not so, their levels increase. The levels are naturally increased during pregnancy. They may also be increased with the use of contraceptive drugs. The follicular stimulating hormones can't be produced in high levels of estrogen and progesterone. The pituitary gland fails to produce the follicular stimulating hormones as the sex hormones suppress its production. The follicles thus cannot be stimulated in to generating new cells and growing hair. The follicles tend to enter into the telogen phase in the hair cycle. The telogen phase in the one in which the scalp sheds hair whilst it rests. This phase is usually 3 months long but will become prolonged. Hair continues to be shed off and lost. The hormones that cause hairloss can be controlled and their actions suppressed. This has to be done at an early stage before the follicles are damaged for good.
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