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Keratin is a fibrous protein that is found in the epidermis of the skin, the hair and nails. Keratin acts as a protective material on cells due its non permeability characteristic. There are however some genetic disorders that affect the production of keratin. Keratin is produced by keratinocytes, which are cells that secrete this fibrous protein. Since keratin is a protein, it is coded by genes. Genes are responsible for signalling the way in which amino acids are combined to build a complete protein When genes are mutated due to some changes or alterations to the DNA sequence on chromosomes their function is completely altered. When the genes affected are involved in the production of keratin, several changes to the body may be observed. Genetic disorders that involve keratin may affect the skin such that persons may develop skin that looks scaly. If the keratin involved is the one that is involved in hair production. Hair may easily break and will show signs of poor growth. This is how keratin and hair loss are linked. When keratinocytes in the hair follicles are mutated they will fail to produce sufficient amounts of keratin. If the hair follicles produce any keratin that is defected there are high chances that the defected keratin will be removed by the body's system of removing defected material. When hair strands have defected keratin there are high chances that the body itself will respond by removing such hairs. This will cause increased hair loss. If the defected hair follicle cells continue to divide the number of hair strands that have defects may increase causing much visible hair loss problems which may lead to baldness. Problems that involve keratin abnormalities that cause hair loss can be treated. Treatment of such diseases involves chemotherapy. Drugs that have some cytotoxic properties may be considered to eliminate defected cells. This will ensure that the defected hair follicle cells are eliminated, leaving room for the normal cells to divide. In the event of hair loss due to defected keratin drugs that stimulate follicular function can also be used to promote growth of hair. These drugs are good in promoting hair growth by the normal hair follicles, as only the normal hair follicles respond to the medication. Keratin and hair loss problems can also be solved through laser therapy. Laser therapy promotes cellular division and growth of hair by hair follicles. Low laser intensity stimulates production of keratin by keratinocytes. When keratinocytes are stimulated to produce keratin, hair growth increases. This is so, for keratin is a building material for hair strands. Since keratin is a protein, in order to promote the production of keratin, one has to go on a good diet. Keratin is made from amino acids that come from the food we eat. Vitamins and other minerals are also important in the activation of enzymes and other molecules that are involved in its synthesis. If any one of the essential nutrients is deficient, keratin production will be affected and so will hair growth.
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