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Allergic Conjunctivitis: Conjunctivitis refers to an inflammation of the conjunctiva. Conjunctiva is a part of the eye; the membrane that covers the white of the eye. Allergic conjunctivitis refers to conjunctiva occurring in reaction to exposure to an allergen. Allergic conjunctivitis is most commonly caused by hay fever, but many allergic conditions can act as a trigger for the condition.
Allergic conjunctivitis can be easily recognized by its symptoms. Symptoms include: oedema of the conjunctiva, redness, itching and increased lacrimation. At times these symptoms present along with rhinitis.
When rhinitis presents alongside the other common symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis the condition is then referred to as allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
The redness that is associated with allergic conjunctivitis is typically in response to the vasodilation of nearby small blood vessels. Mast cells release histamines and other substances that cause other common symptoms and stimulates dilation of blood vessels. Nerve endings are also irritated and the irritated nerve endings increase lacrimation (tear production).
Treatment: The first step in treating allergic conjunctivitis is avoiding the allergen. Individuals who suffer from hay fever allergies should avoid grass in bloom. In many cases of allergies antihistamines are an effective treatment. Antihistamines are available in two forms: systemic and topical. Topical antihistamines are available in the form of eye drops. Systemic antihistamines are available in the form of tablets.
Summary: Many allergy sufferers are able to identify their allergens. This sometimes makes it easy for them to avoid repeat episodes of allergic conjunctivitis. They just avoid the allergen they identified as the cause from that point forward. Others are unable to easily identify their allergen. These individuals should contact an allergist to discuss common treatments that may aid them in decreasing their risks for future episodes. Common allergens that may trigger conjunctivitis include dust, smoke, mites, eye drops, seasonal changes, animal skin, pollen, makeup, skin medications, air pollution, perfume, etc.
In specific instances the presentation of allergic conjunctivitis can be perennial. These perennial presentations of allergic conjunctivitis are typically due to dust mites (they are tiny insects present in every home). A rare form of the condition can be caused by surgery. This form of the condition is referred to as papillary conjunctivitis.
Another form of the condition is referred to as contact dermaconjunctivitis. It appears as a result of using cosmetics or medications while suffering from allergic conjunctivitis.
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