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The incidence of diseases due to sedentary life style and the mismatched dietary habit is increasing day to day. Those can be obesity, diabetes, hypertension and other associated diseases. The incapacitation and disability from these diseases can affect the quality of life of the person and relatives. These diseases may also put heavy burden on the financial status of the family. There has been a lot of research on effect of dietary modification on these diseases. DASH diet is a relatively new concept.DASHis acronym for"Dietary approach to stop hypertension".This diet menu has been supported by National Institutes of Health and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US and some other organizations. Results of the research heavily support the dietary approach to control the hypertension; and so also other diseases like diabetes, obesity, cognitive failure and urinary stone disease. Blood pressure is measure of pressure exerted by flow of blood on the arterial wall, and has two components, namely systolic and diastolic. Systolic component is due to the pressure exerted by the pumping force of heart and diastolic is the pressure during the relaxed state of heart. Ideally systolic blood pressure should remain within 90 to 120 mm. of mercury and diastolic within 60 to 80 mm. of mercury. A systolic blood pressure above 140 mm. and/or diastolic more than 90 mm. of mercury is termed as hypertension. A reading between these ranges is termed as pre-hypertension. DASHdiet is essentially low in salt and fat; and high in fruit, fiber and rich in micronutrients. Common salt is the main source of sodium in addition to the dietary source. The recommended sodium intake in an otherwise healthy person should be no more than 2.4 grams per day. One usually gets this amount from food and addition of extra salt increases the sodium intake. In DASH diet sodium is gradually lowered to 2.3 grams per day; to reach the level of 1.5 grams per day. Total calorie from fat content is kept below 27-30%; from which saturated fat content is kept low, around 8%. Energy from protein is kept around 18-20% and from carbohydrate is kept around 55%. The diet contains high fiber and micronutrients. The food is served 6-8 times a day keeping the total calorie intact and contains fruits. Researchers have found that the DASH menus containing 2.3 grams of sodium can lower blood pressure and that at a lower level of sodium, 1.5 grams, can further reduce blood pressure. This diet also prevents heart failure. The dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) - model appears to slow cognitive decline, researchers said in the International Conference on Alzheimer's disease. That may be due to additional benefits from a diet rich in fruits and vegetables; and low in salt, sweets, and red meats. Another possible explanation is that adherence to the DASH diet was a marker for an overall healthy lifestyle that includes exercise and no smoking. Consumption of fruits and vegetables increases urinary citrate, which inhibits calcium stone formation. A diet with normal or high calcium intake and low intake of animal protein and sodium also decreases the risk of stone formation, say researchers. Modification of life style and dietcan improve the gloomy scenario of hypertension and other related diseases in the worldwide population.
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