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Photodermatoses refer to adverse reaction to nonionizing radiation. Photosensitive disorders may be considereda s; Direct disorders that denotes those reactions that follow an over exposure or chronic exposure to sun light alone, Indirect disorders that denote reactions that require participation of endogenous/ exogenous photo sensitizers in addition to sunlight. Direct disorders - Immediate
- Sunburn
- Delayed
- Premature aging/ photoaging/ dermatoheliosis
- Premalignancy
- Malignancy
Indirect Disorders - 1.Exogenous/ endogenous photosensitizers
- Phototoxic reactions
- Photoallergic reactions
- 2.Metabolic and biochemical disorders
- Porphyria
- Aminoaciduria
- Hartnup's disease
- Phenylketonuria
- Pellagra
- 3.Idiopathic/ immunological
- Polymorphic light reaction
- Actinic prurigo
- Juvenile spring eruption
- Solar urticaria
- Hydroa vacciniforme
- Actinic reticuloid
- 4.Genetic
- Xeroderma pigmentosum
- Bloom's syndrome
- Cockayne's syndrome
- Rothmund-Thomson's syndrome
- 5.Diseases aggravated/ precipated by sunlight
- Lupus erythematoides
- Pemphigus erythematoides
- Lichen planus actinicus
- Rosacea
- Herpes simplex
- Lymphogranuloma venereum
- Varicella
Sunburn It results from a single overexposure to sunlight/ UVB emitted from an artificial source. The severity may range from mild asymptomatic redness to an intense erythema, accompanied by tenderness, pain, edema, and vesiculation. Mild reactions begins 6 to 12 hours after exposure and reaches maximum intensity within 24 hours. It declines over the next 3 to 5 days. The residual tan persits for a few weeks. The intense reaction resembles the mild reaction at the onset. DiagnosisIt is made on the basis of history of exposure to sunlight, and clinical features. It may be supplemented by histopathological examination that reveals the following; (1) sunburn cells that are the altered epidermal cells characterized by the homogenous eosinophilic cytoplsm and pycnotic nuclei, (2) moderate vascular dilataion, and (3) mild perivascular mononuclear and polymorphonuclear infiltrate. Treatment - Avoidance of outdoor exposure during hours of intense sunlight ( 10 AM to 3 PM) and wearing of protective clothing
- Application of topical sunscreens
- Physical sunscreens like titanium dioxide, talc, zinc oxide, kaolin, ferric chloride, and icthammol
- Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and its esterslike glyceryl PABA, amyldimethyl PABA, and octyldimethyl PABA
- Bezophenones such as oxybenzone and dioxybenzone
- Cinnamates such as ethylhexyl-para-methoxy cinnamate
- Butylmethoxylibenzoyl methane (parsol)
- Systemic sunscreens 250 mg of chloroquine (equivalent to 150 mg of active base) (Resochin, Melubrin) thrice a day during the first week, twice a day during second week and once daily during the third week.
Unani treatmentcreate a solution of 20 drops of lavender and chamomile essential oil. This solution will help cool the affected area and reduce the itching as well. A warm shower will help increase the circulation in the affected areas of skin and also help exfoliation and removal of the dead skin cells, allowing newer skin cells to grow in its place. You can also create a mixture consisting of milk with grated cucumber and apply this over the affected area. Aloe vera have also had a tremendous effect on skin disorders includingtreatment of photo dermatitis. If you have extensive sun burns, apply raw onions over the affected areas for abundant relief from the pain. It is very important to take good care of your skin. Avoid going into the sun without sunscreen as it will act as a block from the harmful ultra violet rays. You should also avoid venturing into the sun between 9 a.m. and 2 p.m. as this is when the suns rays are most harmful.
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