Although receding gums are often a natural part of the aging process, many people may notice this occurrence earlier than usual. While many people disregard it as a sign of aging, and sometimes it is just that, often times it can be much more. Although gums may recede due to genetics but they may also be caused by harsh brushing, known as "toothbrush abrasion," as well as periodontal or gum disease.
Sometimes receding gums can be identified at first glance. Other times they may be detected by feeling the top of your teeth, at your gum line. If your tooth feels notched at the gum line, then it is likely that your gums are receding.
Gum disease
In many cases, receding gums are caused by periodontal disease (gum disease). In America, three out of four adults have some form of gum disease. In most cases, this condition does not cause any pain and therefore goes unnoticed.
Gum disease is common adults and begins when bacteria that contains plaque builds up on your teeth and gums. If this plaque is not removed daily, it produces toxins that will irritate and inflame your gums. This inflammatory process will ultimately destroy your gum tissue, causing it to separate from your tooth and form spaces known as “pockets.” The pockets hold more bacteria, which only worsens the problem.
Misaligned teeth
Receding gums may also be caused by misaligned teeth. This condition can be addressed by an orthodontist through the application of braces, Invisalign or cosmetic dental treatments such as porcelain veneers .
Identifying receding gums
For some individuals, the most visible sign of gum recession can be found by looking in the mirror. A receding gum line will make your teeth look longer. You may also notice a change in the tooth’s color below your gum line, which indicates the exposure of your sensitive roots (called cementum). However, patients with gum recession may not notice they are suffering from this condition, especially if it occurs in the back molars or other, less visible areas inside your mouth.
The following related signs and symptoms may occur in conjunction with gum recession:
- Puffy, red or swollen (inflamed) gums (gingivitis)
- Gum that bleed when brushing or flossing
- Spaces developing between teeth
- Cavities in the roots (below the gum line)
- Gapped teeth
- Bad breath (halitosis)
- Changes in bite or protruding teeth (malocclusion)
- Shifting or loose teeth
- Exposed tooth roots
- Teeth that are sensitive when touched by dental instruments or hot, cold, sweet or spicy foods
Treatment
If you suffer from severely receded gums, a graft from another part of your mouth may be the only option for treatment. However, if you have healthy teeth and gums and suffer from gum recession, there are two methods of possible treatment. With the first, your dentist will drill holes in your teeth and fill them with a material that helps prevent your gums from further receding. This is the most common method used in America today.
The second, newer method has not been approved by the American Dental Association (ADA). This treatment consists of roughening the smooth surface of your tooth with a dental drill. Then a light coating of adhesive or filling material will be applied to your tooth and allowed to dry. Next, your teeth will be “cured” or hardened using a special blue light at a high intensity. Then, another layer of adhesive material will be placed.
Treating your receding gums is important, not only for comfort, but also to preserve your overall oral health. When your gums recede, the exposed portion of the tooth is much more sensitive. This can cause pain and discomfort when consuming hot or cold foods and liquids. It can also result in a higher risk of tooth decay and other oral conditions including:
- Poor bite
- Sore jaw
- Periodontal disease
- Tooth loss
Prevention
The good news about receding gums is that they can be prevented by practicing good oral hygiene. You are best off to use a soft toothbrush, applying mild-to-moderate pressure and small circular or very short back and forth motions. Avoid toothbrushes with hard bristles and long horizontal brush strokes with excessive pressure.
