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All situations positive or negative that require adjustment are stressful.thus to understand strss,it is important to consider the concept of adjustment as well.
Shaffer (1971)holds that "adjustment is the process by which an individual maintains a balance between the needs and the circumstanes that influence the satisfaction of these needs."
Process of adjustment
-The existence of a motive
-An obstacle
-Goal directed activity
-The discovery of a goal
MODELS OF STRESS
1)General adaptation syndrome -was introduced by selye (1976).There are three phases in the reaction to the environment alarm and mobilization,stage of resistance,stage of exhaustion.
Indian view of stress
Ramachandra rao highlights two indian concepts -klesa and dukha.klesa refers to the stressor whereas dukha signifies the stress that the individual experiences in the course pf interaction with the world around him.
FACTORS INFULENCING THE SEVERITY OF THE STRESS
1)The nature of the stressor
a)importance -examples daily hassles vs major crisis (death)
b)duration -longer a stressor operates ,more severe its effects
c)predictabilty-if we know what is going to happen ,we can prepare for it and this reduces stress .example surprise vs scheduled tests.
2)Vulnerability-it increases the likelihood of a maladaptive response to stress.
3)social support- support is helpful in times of stress because it provides cognitive,emotional and financial support.
YERKES DODSON LAW -THERE SHOULD BE OPTIMAL LEVEL OF STRESS FOR PROPER FUNCTIONING OF AN INDIVIDUAL.
Blunting strategies
Relaxation
1)find a quiet place
2)adopt a comfortable position
3)reduce sources of stimulation
4)dont worry about anything.
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