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Dyslexia used to be called "word blindness" and as such was isolated to describe just those individuals with difficulties in reading. As research has progressed however, doctors and psychologists now recognize and describe many types of dyslexia. If we were to go back and use the archaic terms of yesteryear, we might now be talking about number blindness, motor function blindness, writing blindness, and hearing blindness. No one talks in those terms today and if you mentioned those kinds of dyslexia to someone, they would not know what you are talking about, so lets look at each one using the terms that are more descriptive and correct for each type.
Dyscalculia may be one of the least known dyslexia types. If you break the word down, and know a little latin, you might have guessed that this type of dyslexia is the difficulty in grasping math concepts and performing simple calculations. This type may also be characterized by problems with telling time and spatial reasoning. Just as people diagnosed with dyslexia are not stupid, people with dyscaculia are not stupid either, they have a disorder that originates in the brain that just requires a different approach to learning.
Dyspraxia is the diagnosis for people who in the past may have been thought of as clumsy or uncoordinated. This type of dyslexia is a problem with motor skills and may include lack of coordination of speech, language and perception.
Dysgraphia is somewhat related to dyspraxia in that it is recognized as having issues with those motor skills that are needed for writing clearly. Obviously, this can have repercussions for all of a child's school work and indeed throughout life if left untreated. There are methods of re-learning that can help with dysgraphia.
Auditory or Phonological dyslexia is just what it sounds like. The person with auditory dyslexia has difficulty in translating sounds into words. They may have trouble repeating a sentence that is read to them or problems following detailed verbal instructions.
Anther lesser known type of dyslexia is visual dyslexia. This disorder is manifested by having trouble translating information taken in by the eyes. The information that goes to the visual centers in the brain is scrambled or incomplete. This again could cause difficulties in reading comprehension or writing. There is some evidence that this may in part be to an incomplete eye development that may later disappear.
In addition to the above descriptions, you may also hear about trauma dyslexia, or primary or secondary dyslexia. Although these are legitimate terms used by doctors and psychologists, they are more descriptions of the causes of the disorder rather than specific types of dyslexia. You may also run into those who do not recognize some of the types listed above and that may also be legitimate. Study is ongoing and new things about dyslexia are being learned all the time. A good recommendation is to talk to as many people you can who are educated in types of dyslexia and read as much as you can from various authors.
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