The right wheel chair ramp design not only allows easy access to those confined to a wheel chair but also to those with limited mobility as well. Negotiating stairs can be difficult for many people. My dad developed emphysema and could have used a chair ramp long before he was confined to a scooter. Wheel chair ramps need not be sterile looking; the right design and landscaping can actually complement the style of your home.
Many people do not realize how much space is required for an effective wheelchair ramp. The rule of thumb is 12 inches of ramp length for every inch of height. As an example, if your porch or deck is 18 inches from the ground you need at least 18 feet of ramp. For a more gentle slope, the ideal is 20 inches for every inch of height. You would then need 30 feet of ramp length.
Not many of us have 30 feet in which to install a straight ramp. Besides that, it is not very aesthetically pleasing. The solution is to add a flat landing in the middle so the person can rest. Here are few other critical wheel chair ramp design landing considerations:
- A landing is required every time the ramp changes directions
- They must be a minimum of 60 inches (5 feet) square
- They are required at the top and bottom of a wheel chair ramp
- Must be level side to side. Even a little slope makes it harder to negotiate
Chair ramps are used year round so consider the following:
- Ensure water does not pool on the surface
- Ensure the ramp is not slippery when wet or damp. Attach grit tape or add sand to polyurethane for texture
- Do not build the ramp under trees where leaves can make it slippery when wet
- Try to have it face south to catch the sun in winter
- Build a set of stairs adjacent to the top landing so those not wishing to use the ramp have access to the porch.
You also have several options for wheel chair ramps. Consider if a portable wheel chair ramp is more suitable for your particular situation. Often times, a wheel chair may be a temporary; a portable ramp is designed for the correct slope and can make 90 degree turns as well as switchbacks if required. Another popular option is a modular ramp system. They assemble quickly with common tools. Modular ramps can be configured to fit your needs and can also be moved easily.
Check your local codes department to determine the requirements for your area before building a wheel chair ramp. You will probably have to get a permit before installing the ramp. This will ensure you not only abide by local codes but also ensure your ramp is safe to use.
